The goals of this California Energy Commission funded project were to demonstrate the technical and economic potential for optimized zero net energy (ZNE) construction practices in new multifamily buildings to inform best practices, codes and standards, and to communicate lessons learned to facilitate broader adoption of ZNE practices with reduced performance risk.
Four sites were studied: Sonoma and Napa County wine country (Cloverdale and Calistoga), the San Francisco Bay Area (Sunnyvale), and the central coast (Atascadero). All four sites are fully electric, LEED Platinum, 19-24% above code when originally modeled, have a zero net energy sized solar array, have Energy Star appliances, have heat pump water heaters, have R19-21+R5 walls, and have R38-49 attics. The four sites were monitored with second-by-second energy and one-minute interval water usage with a total of 208 residences with (a) individual heat pump water heaters, (b) central heat pump water heaters, and (c) central combined heat pump system. Circuit-level monitoring equipment installed in each apartment allowed the team to develop a picture of tenants’ electrical usage. Each unit was also equipped with a lighting display (Nexi) that provided real-time feedback of energy use to tenants. In addition, utility data, tenant surveys, and detailed DHW monitoring (tank temperatures, pump power) was collected.
The insights from this project led the research team to support the 2019 and 2022 code cycles, particularly the 2022 all-electric proposal. The project successfully demonstrated that comfortable, efficient, all-electric affordable multifamily is possible, even in 2014 when some of the sites were constructed.
This technology brief is intended for building owners, architects, MEP engineers, green building consultants, and homeowners who are making design decisions around heat pump water heating(HPWH) systems in new construction multifamily buildings. This paper draws from the findings of the EPIC research project (EPC 15-097) optimizing domestic hot water in four multifamily affordable all-electric new construction projects in California. The research focused on the evaluation of domestic hot water heat pump systems in four multifamily affordable all-electric new construction projects in California. Final Report: Getting to All-Electric Multifamily ZNE Construction
This technology brief is intended for multifamily building owners and operators to learn of the various methods by which their building can be monitored to understand performance and identify issues. This paper draws from the findings of the EPIC research project (EPC 15-097) optimizing domestic hot water in four multifamily affordable all-electric new construction projects in California. The research focused on the evaluation of domestic hot water heat pump systems in four multifamily affordable all-electric new construction projects in California. Final Report: Getting to All-Electric Multifamily ZNE Construction
This technology brief is intended for multifamily building owners, architects, engineers, and green building consultants working to design all-electric zero net energy (ZNE) multifamily buildings from the ground up. This paper draws from the findings of the EPIC research project (EPC 15-097) optimizing domestic hot water in four multifamily affordable all-electric new construction projects in California. The research focused on the evaluation of domestic hot water heat pump systems in four multifamily affordable all-electric new construction projects in California. Final Report: Getting to All-Electric Multifamily ZNE Construction
This technology brief is intended for building owners, architects, MEP engineers, green building consultants, utilities, 3rd party demand response aggregators, and homeowners who are making design decisions around heat pump water heating (HPWH) systems in new construction multifamily buildings.This paper draws from the findings of the EPIC research project (EPC 15-097) optimizing domestic hot water in four multifamily affordable all-electric new construction projects in California. The research focused on the evaluation of domestic hot water heat pump systems in four multifamily affordable all-electric new construction projects in California. Final Report: Getting to All-Electric Multifamily ZNE Construction
This document is intended for building designers, building energy modelers, model and compliance code developers, and anyone interested in Zero Net Energy design. This paper draws from the findings of the EPIC research project (EPC 15-097) optimizing domestic hot water in four multifamily affordable all-electric new construction projects in California. The research focused on the evaluation of domestic hot water heat pump systems in four multifamily affordable all-electric new construction projects in California. Final Report: Getting to All-Electric Multifamily ZNE Construction
Compared to single-family homes, relatively little empirical data have been gathered on the performance of water heating systems in multifamily buildings, and even less on the energy use patterns for cooking, lighting, appliances, and other plug loads. Although currently there are twice as many single-family residences as apartments in the United States, the multifamily sector is becoming a larger percentage of new construction. Therefore, it is important to keep a focus on improving the efficiency and grid impacts of multifamily buildings if we are to achieve California’s climate goals.
· Appendix A: Development Profiles of the Four Project Locations
· Appendix B: Monitoring Plans and Equipment Lists
· Appendix C: Methodology
· Appendix D: Calistoga and Cloverdale Data
· Appendix E: Atascadero Data
· Appendix F: Sunnyvale Performance Data
· Appendix G: Customer Satisfaction Survey Results
· Appendix H: Team Members
This technology brief is intended for building owners, architects, MEP engineers, green building consultants, and homeowners who are making design decisions around heat pump water heating(HPWH) systems in new construction multifamily buildings. This paper draws from the findings of the EPIC research project (EPC 15-097) optimizing domestic hot water in four multifamily affordable all-electric new construction projects in California. The research focused on the evaluation of domestic hot water heat pump systems in four multifamily affordable all-electric new construction projects in California.
This technology brief is intended for multifamily building owners and operators to learn of the various methods by which their building can be monitored to understand performance and identify issues. This paper draws from the findings of the EPIC research project (EPC 15-097) optimizing domestic hot water in four multifamily affordable all-electric new construction projects in California. The research focused on the evaluation of domestic hot water heat pump systems in four multifamily affordable all-electric new construction projects in California.
This technology brief is intended for multifamily building owners, architects, engineers, and green building consultants working to design all-electric zero net energy (ZNE) multifamily buildings from the ground up. This paper draws from the findings of the EPIC research project (EPC 15-097) optimizing domestic hot water in four multifamily affordable all-electric new construction projects in California. The research focused on the evaluation of domestic hot water heat pump systems in four multifamily affordable all-electric new construction projects in California.
This technology brief is intended for building owners, architects, MEP engineers, green building consultants, utilities, 3rd party demand response aggregators, and homeowners who are making design decisions around heat pump water heating (HPWH) systems in new construction multifamily buildings.This paper draws from the findings of the EPIC research project (EPC 15-097) optimizing domestic hot water in four multifamily affordable all-electric new construction projects in California. The research focused on the evaluation of domestic hot water heat pump systems in four multifamily affordable all-electric new construction projects in California.
This document is intended for building designers, building energy modelers, model and compliance code developers, and anyone interested in Zero Net Energy design. This paper draws from the findings of the EPIC research project (EPC 15-097) optimizing domestic hot water in four multifamily affordable all-electric new construction projects in California. The research focused on the evaluation of domestic hot water heat pump systems in four multifamily affordable all-electric new construction projects in California.
The design team did not start with the goal to build an all-electric project but was convinced to pursue this approach given the health, environmental, and operational cost benefits, as well as the design review, field verification, and commissioning resources made available by the CEC EPIC grant. The team settled on a goal to deliver a highly efficient all-electric building with solar PV to entirely offset owner-paid electricity. The greatest design challenge was shifting the domestic hot water system from a traditional gas boiler with solar thermal offset...
Copyright © 2022 Redwood Energy. All Rights Reserved.
